Uganda colonial period

Introduction

Uganda gained independence from British colonial rule on October 9, 1962. This marked the end of the Uganda Protectorate, which had been established in 1894 when Uganda became a protectorate of the British Empire.

Colonial Period

The British colonial era in Uganda began in the late 19th century:

In 1888, Britain assigned political and economic power over the region to the British East Africa Company.

In 1894, the British government officially declared Uganda a protectorate.

The protectorate was expanded in 1896 to include areas of Bunyoro, Toro, Ankole, and Busoga.

During colonial rule, the British dramatically altered Uganda’s economic systems, primarily focusing on financial interests. They introduced cash crops like cotton in 1904 and encouraged their cultivation to support the colonial economy.

Path to Independence

The struggle for independence gained momentum in the mid-20th century:

In 1945, the first African member was admitted to Uganda’s legislative council.

In 1958, Uganda was given internal self-government.

In 1961, elections leading to internal self-governance were held, with Benedicto Kiwanuka becoming the first chief minister.

Independence

On October 9, 1962, Uganda formally achieved independence from the United Kingdom. Key events of this transition included:

Milton Obote became the first prime minister.

The country became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Initially, Uganda was established as a federal system with Edward Mutesa II, the Kabaka (King) of Buganda, as the ceremonial president.

Conclusion

The independence was achieved without significant conflict, and Uganda immediately became a member of the Commonwealth. However, the newly independent nation faced challenges in reconciling various political and ethnic interests, which would shape its post-colonial history.