Introduction

Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), an Islamist militant group in Syria, has recently intensified its military operations, leading to significant shifts in the region’s conflict dynamics.

Recent Developments:

Offensive in Aleppo: On November 27, 2024, HTS launched a major offensive, dubbed “Deterrence of Aggression,” targeting pro-government forces in western Aleppo Governorate. Within the first ten hours, HTS captured 20 towns and villages, including Urm al-Kubra, Anjara, and Sheikh Aqil. The offensive was reportedly in response to Syrian government artillery shelling that killed at least 30 civilians in rebel-held Idlib.

Syrian and Russian Response

In retaliation, Syrian and Russian forces intensified aerial assaults on HTS-controlled areas, resulting in significant casualties and displacement of civilians.

Regional Implications

The offensive has strained relations between regional actors. Turkey, which has historically supported certain rebel factions, is navigating its position carefully, aiming to counter Kurdish militias linked to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) while managing its involvement in Syria.

HTS’s Strategic Position

HTS’s recent actions indicate a strategic attempt to assert dominance in northwestern Syria. By capturing key territories, HTS aims to strengthen its bargaining power in any future political settlements. However, this expansion has provoked strong military responses from the Syrian government and its allies, notably Russia and Iran.

Turkey’s Role

Turkey’s involvement adds complexity to the situation. While Turkey has supported various rebel groups, its primary focus remains on countering Kurdish forces near its border. The recent HTS offensive complicates Turkey’s strategy, as it must balance its opposition to the Assad regime with the need to manage relations with Russia and address security concerns related to Kurdish militias.

Outlook

The escalation suggests a protracted conflict, with HTS facing sustained military pressure from Syrian government forces and their allies. Turkey’s next moves will be pivotal; increased support for rebel factions could lead to further confrontations with Russia and Iran, while a more cautious approach might limit HTS’s operational capabilities.

Conclusion

HTS is at a critical juncture, confronting intensified military opposition and navigating a complex web of regional alliances and enmities. The group’s future actions will significantly influence the trajectory of the Syrian conflict and the broader geopolitical landscape.