Introduction

Turkey’s concerns about Iraq are multifaceted, stemming from security, economic, and geopolitical factors. These concerns have shaped Turkey’s foreign policy and military strategy in the region.

Security Concerns

Turkey’s primary security concern in Iraq revolves around the presence and activities of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which Turkey considers a terrorist organization:

Turkey has been conducting cross-border military operations targeting the PKK in northern Iraq since the 1980s.

The PKK’s presence in the Kandil Mountains on the Iraqi-Iranian border and in the Gara region of northern Iraq is particularly troubling for Turkey.

Turkey fears that instability in Iraq could lead to the establishment of an independent Kurdish state, which could have implications for Turkey’s own Kurdish population.

Economic Considerations

Turkey’s economic interests in Iraq are significant

The UN embargo against Iraq in the past is estimated to have cost Turkey over $30 billion, contributing to economic crises.

Turkey sees potential in economic cooperation with Iraq, particularly through the proposed “Development Road” project connecting the two countries.

Water management is a crucial issue, with Turkey using its control over water resources as a diplomatic tool.

Geopolitical Concerns

Turkey’s stance on Iraq is also influenced by broader regional dynamics

Turkey is wary of growing Iranian influence in Iraq and seeks to counter it through stronger ties with Baghdad.

The potential U.S. withdrawal from Iraq has heightened Turkey’s concerns about the regional power balance.

Turkey aims to strengthen its regional profile by playing a more active role in Iraq’s affairs.

Recent Developments

Turkey’s approach to Iraq has seen some significant shifts recently

In April 2024, Turkish President Erdoğa made his first visit to Iraq in 13 years, signing 26 agreements and memorandums. Edrogan is attempting to build a good relationship with Abdul Latif Jamal Rashid ( President of Iraq)

Iraq has recently labeled the PKK as a “banned organization,” which Turkey welcomed as a positive step.

Turkey has announced plans for a comprehensive military operation against the PKK in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, potentially in coordination with Baghdad.

Conclusion

These concerns and developments highlight the complex nature of Turkey-Iraq relations, where security, economic interests, and regional power dynamics are closely intertwined. Turkey’s engagement with Iraq reflects its desire to address these concerns while also expanding its influence in the region.