How are Jordan's Islamist movements influencing political unrest

Introduction

Jordan’s Islamist movements, particularly the Muslim Brotherhood and its political wing, the Islamic Action Front (IAF), have played a significant role in shaping political dynamics in the country:

Recent Electoral Gains

In the 2024 parliamentary elections, the IAF secured one-fifth of the available seats, becoming the largest opposition bloc in the 138-member parliament.

This success was partly fueled by public anger towards Israel over the Gaza war.

Historical Influence

The Muslim Brotherhood has had a long-standing relationship with the Jordanian monarchy, often serving as a counterweight to leftist and militant groups.

Since the late 1980s, the IAF has been the leading opposition movement in Jordan, challenging domestic and foreign policies.

Shifting Dynamics

The Brotherhood has experienced internal conflicts and splits, partly due to government pressure and encouragement.

These divisions have led to the formation of new parties and factions within the Islamist movement.

Political Stance

The IAF describes itself as “loyal opposition,” often working within the system rather than calling for regime change.

It has advocated for reforms, including a constitutional monarchy led by an elected parliament.

Impact on Stability

While Islamist movements have organized protests, they have generally refrained from calling for the overthrow of the regime.

The government has pursued a policy of co-opting Islamists while also encouraging internal divisions.

Regional Context

The performance of Islamist groups in Jordan is seen as an indicator of broader regional trends, particularly in relation to Hamas and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Conclusion

While Islamist movements in Jordan have contributed to political discourse and opposition, their influence on unrest has been relatively moderate compared to other countries in the region. The government’s approach of balancing co-optation and division has helped maintain a degree of stability, even as Islamist groups continue to play a significant role in Jordanian politics.