Introduction

Slovakia’s stance towards Russia has shifted significantly in recent years, particularly following the 2023 parliamentary elections and the return of Robert Fico as Prime Minister. While it’s not accurate to label Slovakia as unequivocally “pro-Russia,” there have been notable changes in the country’s foreign policy and public sentiment:

Government Stance

Shift in Foreign Policy

Prime Minister Robert Fico has adopted a more Russia-friendly stance, criticizing EU and NATO support for Ukraine.

The government has called for peace negotiations with Russia and emphasized pursuing an independent foreign policy.

High-ranking meetings between Slovak officials and Russian representatives have signaled cooperative intentions towards Moscow.

Military Aid to Ukraine

Fico has pledged to stop supplying weapons to Ukraine, marking a departure from the previous government’s policy.

However, Slovakia continues to provide non-lethal and humanitarian aid to Ukraine.

Public Opinion

Pro-Russian Sentiment

According to a GLOBSEC report, only 40% of Slovak respondents believed Russia was responsible for the war in Ukraine in 2023, down from 51% in 2022.

44% of Slovaks view the Western way of life and the United States as a threat.

Historical and Cultural Factors

78% of Slovaks consider Russia their traditional Slavic brother nation, contributing to pro-Russian sentiments.

Economic Ties

Energy Dependence

Slovakia remains heavily dependent on Russian energy, with 60% of its natural gas, 95% of its oil, and all of its nuclear fuel coming from Russia.

The country is making plans to reduce this dependence in accordance with EU sanctions.

International Relations

Diplomatic Tensions

Slovakia’s shift has caused tensions with neighbors, leading the Czech Republic to suspend intergovernmental cooperation.

The country has maintained its EU and NATO membership, but its stance often diverges from the majority of member states.

Factors Influencing the Shift

Political Leadership

The return of Robert Fico as Prime Minister in October 2023 has been a key factor in Slovakia’s changing stance.

Fico’s party, Smer-SD, has adopted Ukraine-skeptic rhetoric and anti-establishment sentiments.

Russian Influence

There’s evidence of Russian disinformation campaigns and electoral interference efforts in Slovakia.

These efforts have likely contributed to shaping public opinion and political discourse.

Conclusion

Slovakia has shown more Russia-friendly tendencies under its current government, it’s important to note that this shift is complex and multifaceted. The country remains a member of the EU and NATO, and its actual foreign policy actions don’t always align with its rhetoric. The situation continues to evolve, influenced by domestic politics, international pressures, and public opinion.