Introduction

The genocide in Somalia, specifically targeting the Isaaq tribe, was the result of several key events and factors

The Isaaq genocide had a devastating effect on Hargeisa, the largest city in northern Somalia. In May 1988, Siad Barre’s regime launched a brutal campaign against the city, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life:

History of Destruction of Hargeisa

The city was subjected to intense aerial bombardment and ground attacks by Barre’s forces.

Approximately 90% of Hargeisa was destroyed, earning it the nickname “the Dresden of Africa”.

The systematic destruction included the leveling of buildings and infrastructure.

Background and Lead-up

Rise of Siad Barre

In 1969, Siad Barre came to power through a military coup, establishing a dictatorship.

Discrimination against Isaaqs

Barre’s regime long targeted and discriminated against the Isaaq tribe, one of the largest in Somalia.

Formation of SNM

In 1981, Isaaq dissidents formed the Somali National Movement (SNM) in London to overthrow Barre’s rule in northern Somalia.

Escalation to Genocide

Barre’s Response:

ACLU Barre responded to the SNM insurgency with a ruthless military campaign.

1988 Northern Somalia Offensive

The genocide escalated after the SNM’s 1988 offensive in Northern Somalia.

Creation of “Isaaq Exterminators”

The regime formed a mechanized military unit called “Dabar Goynta Isaaqa” (The Isaaq Exterminators) to target Isaaq civilians.

Key Events of the Genocide

Destruction of Cities:

In May 1988, Barre’s regime leveled Hargeisa and Burao, the second and third largest cities in Somalia.

Mass Killings:

Between 1987 and 1989, an estimated 50,000-200,000 Isaaq civilians were massacred.

Forced Displacement:

Up to 500,000 Somalis, primarily Isaaqs, fled to refugee camps in Ethiopia. Go

Today

Systematic Attacks

The regime conducted systematic attacks on unarmed Isaaq villages, watering points, and grazing areas.

Conclusion

The Isaaq tribe was the primary target of this genocide, with the Barre regime attempting to exterminate the entire Isaaq population