Introduction

In late November 2024, Aleppo, Syria’s second-largest city, became the focal point of intense military confrontations. Rebel forces, primarily led by the Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) led by Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, launched a significant offensive, capturing substantial portions of Aleppo and surrounding areas. This marked the most substantial shift in control since the Syrian government, with Russian and Iranian support, regained the city in 2016.

Rebel Offensive:

Within 72 hours, HTS and allied groups seized numerous villages and penetrated western districts of Aleppo, employing tactics such as suicide car bombings.

The Syrian government acknowledged the loss of territory and reported significant casualties among its forces.

Russian and Syrian Government Response:

In retaliation, Russian and Syrian warplanes conducted extensive airstrikes targeting rebel positions in and around Aleppo.

The Syrian army initiated a “redeployment operation” to strengthen defense lines and prepare for a counteroffensive.

Humanitarian Impact:

The escalation resulted in significant civilian casualties and displacement. Thousands fled to rural areas or other cities, and hospitals faced overcrowding due to the influx of injured individuals.

The United Nations and various humanitarian organizations expressed deep concern over the renewed violence and its impact on civilians.

Regional Implications:

The resurgence of conflict in Aleppo coincided with regional tensions, including conflicts involving Israel and Hezbollah.

Russia condemned the rebel offensive as an infringement on Syrian sovereignty, while Iran reaffirmed its support for the Syrian government.

Conclusion

The situation in Aleppo remains volatile, with ongoing military operations and a deepening humanitarian crisis. The international community continues to monitor developments closely, emphasizing the need for a ceasefire and renewed peace negotiations.