Rise and fall of Gaddafi- Evaluate Political Situation in Libya

Rise and fall of Gaddafi- Evaluate Political Situation in Libya

Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Gaddafi was a powerful ruler in Libya.  He became a top leader to train few energetic local youths to build up a base camp to go for the revolt against    Idris, the then king to operate the country.   Monarchic period was held for criticism   for its deep inclination towards elitism.   People were not given rights to expression and equality   in social status.   Gaddafi was against the practice of monarchism.   The rise of Gaddafi started with the fall of Idris who was banished    to foreign land.     This dynamic leader in Libya formed a new party which prioritized the decentralization of   political power   instead of choosing the monopoly to control the administration of the country. Rise and fall of Gaddafi is very important to politicians and foreign diplomats.   

Gaddafi Opted for Bloodless Coup to DethroneIdris 

RCC or revolutionary command council under the leadership of Gaddafi formulated more functional and dynamic theories replacing the traditional monarchism.   Power centralization   created lot of trouble in   the country   by encouraging the infighting, ethnic clash and violence in remote tribal zones located in Tripoli or Benghazi of Libya.   Gaddafi assisted his guerilla commandos   to attack Idris to occupy Tripoli, the capital city of Libya.   This fight didn’t enhance any loss of life.    It is a bloodless   putsch and Gaddafi was able to topple Idris   to hold the central power.   In this way, Gaddafi   was elected the president in 1969.  Coup d’état determined the change in the country because of   power replacement.  

Gaddafi Tried to Check Tribal Influence in Libya

In Gaddafi’s  era ,  the tribal influence  was very much  significant for  meticulous  assessment  of the  role of this  de facto  political leader.   To be frank,   there are   more than 130 regional tribes in Libya.   These tribal belts participated in the local administrative machinery.   Gaddafi tried to reduce the   influence of   major tribes.    He admitted that excessive tribalinfluence must be a deterrent to   form a welfare state.  Therefore, he   opted for the favoritism to give utmost priority to the selected tribal communities.   In this connection, he implemented new plans to   stop the fast growth of tribes.   He thought that the administration of the country must have a decentralized government run by people of the country.  It is called “Jamahiriya” or state of people in general sense.  

Major Tribes – Parts of Libya -Gaddafi Needed a Change

In Libya, tribes are inseparable parts of the whole social framework. Without tribes and traditional families, the society of Libya is less important.   Through different centuries, these   conventional tribes participated in the social functions to a great extent.  Currently, three major   tribes exist in Libya such as Arabs. Berbers and Tuareg. However there is another one –Toubou.   Arabs and Berbers are united to form Amazigh.   Berbers and   Arab tribes live in northern parts of Libya. Tuareg and Toubou tribal communities are densely found in southern as well as western zones of Libya.    These major tribes have uncountable historical background due to the lack of research materials, and information to track the original sources of these inhabitants in Libya.  However,   these tribes are closely and emotionally attached with the society of Libya.   The departure of Idris and the coming of Gaddafi didn’t minimize the impact of these   tribal communities.   Even the stateless concept of Gaddafi didn’t sideline major tribal groups in the country.  

Gaddafi’s Favoritism Speeds up His Downfall

Though Gaddafi supported   the theory of socialism, equal status and more life security, he never wanted to hand over the political   power to tribes. He  believed that  there must be  internal  carnage and    political deadlock  in the event of nourishing  tribal groups in  various  cities  of  Libya.  Instead ofgiving equal statusto all tribes, Gaddafipreferred Arab tribe by   forming Qaddafah, Warfallah, and Maghara.  He recruited people from these communities to servein local government.   His oversize favoritismcreated chaos because of sycophancy.    Popular Social Leadership Council (PSLC)   was foundedby Gaddafi   with the objective to resist fellow tribes   in lowerberths to come to power.   It was his tactic to minimize the movement of   tribes   to join the mainstream political party.  However,   the loyalty of people to families and tribes overtook the necessity of loyalty tothe statestill 1980.   Gaddafi suppressed the rights of major three tribes including Berbers and Amazigh.  In Solleman, it   has been clearly writtenthat Gaddafi’swillful attempt in cool mind to wipe out basic necessities of Berbers from Libya can’t be overlooked. Secondly, he tookbold stepsto switch off the   rights of Amazigh indifferent areas    to control this clan or tribe in Libya.  

Groundwork for Gaddafi’s Downfall

Due to the oppression and injustice to Amazigh tribe, the fall of Gaddafi was being prepared secretly. 2011   tribal  revolt against  Gaddafi   was  led by  Amazigh  rebels  who   never  stooped to the   fictitious  assurances  of  this tyrant in  Libya.  Taureg and Toubou tribes wereneglected byGaddafi.   The priority to Arab communities   harassed Taureg and Toubou which were severely   tortured   by denying the social recognition.   Toubou was never approved as minority community tohave facilities from   government.  Suppressed   grievances   slowly brewed up to destabilize Gaddafi’s party.  Resentment,   agony, frustrationand despair prevailed strongly in Libya.  Gaddafi was nota favorable candidate to these tribal organizations.   Downfall   of Gaddafi wasdetermined with the   intervention of American force in unison with NATO.

Gaddafi’s Downfall Made Stronger by CIA and Khalifa Haftar’s Conspiracy

Gaddafi’s severe nemesis was made stronger because of the conspiracy  growing up in his own nation secretly.    This tyrant leader was pressurized by foreign  forces. US army didn’t want him  to stay alive for generating crime. His existence was destabilized by American force.  However,  the roles of  CIA and  Khalifa  Haftar  must be vital because  Gaddafi  had to  face enemies  from  different  parts.  CIA, the intelligence squad of America  hired Khalifa  to weaken the administration of Gaddafi.  He is a conspirator and his role to demolish Libya  must be an asset to CIA.  Gaddafi was a dictator. He must be the eye sore to NATO and America.    However,  Khalifa  strengthened up the CIA agents by becoming a spy to work for America. Khalifa was a Colonel serving in the national army of Libya.  This army officer    is a member of al-Farjani tribal group.  Therefore, he was not given much honor by Gaddafi.  To be frank, during political turmoil in Libya,    Gaddafi decided to oppress all tribal communities by snatching political power and human rights.    As being a part of Arabian Bedouin community, he had to face a number of social obligations and barriers.  In 1986, when he was sent to lead his army  for occupying  Chad, he had to suffer from counter insurgency.  Chad’s force was getting  assistance from French troops. He was caught by  Chad’s  commandos.    In 1987, Libyan soldiers and Haftar were arrested.  Later,  Hafter was later released from prison.  He planned to be a member of CIA backed Muslim brotherhood party’s National Front for the Salvation of Libya /NFSL in the year of 1988. Libyan National Army was pioneered by Haftar.  This LNA party was under the manipulation of CIA.  With the fall of Hissene Habre in Chad, Haftar and his allies were exiled in Zaire.  After few days,  this notorious colonel went to Virginia to have military training from CIA agents.  CIA headquarter was based in Langley.  His training camp was just close to the headquarters of CIA in Langley.  Therefore,  Haftar was in touch with CIA spies to do the planning against Gaddafi.  He helped    CIA  agents to  spot the potholes and  weak points of Gaddafi’s army in Libya.  He was an agent with experience in spying.    His assistance to CIA spies was precious as Americans  were not acquainted with the climatic disorders and geographical landmarks of remote places in  Tripoli or Benghazi. In 2011, Haftar was seen helping the NATO force to destroy Gaddafi.  He entered into Benghazi  through Egypt to assist NATO  allied force to spot the hidden hideouts in Libya.    However, many critics admit that Haftar didn’t get success in  leading his troops in Benghazi.    He was not much important to Libya.    Still CIA utilized him to create psychological pressure on Gaddafi.  There is another good point to select Haftar as the spy to CIA to prod  Gaddafi. CIA thought that Haftar  was an influential officer and he must have efficiency to control Salafi rebels/extremists.  Even, with the coming of transitional administration after the demolition of  Gaddafi in 2011, he could be elected  prime minister to end the tussle and hostility in Tripoli.  His presence will be easy for US administration to wrap up rebels including Al Qaida in Libya.

Gaddafi Decided to Introduce Gold Dinar to Buy Oil –Regime Change Policy

Gaddafi was fast becoming an enemy to Western countries.  America didn’t overlook what Gaddafi    plotted  to treat Pentagon.    When NATO and  America  encroached into  Libya  to attack hidden  bunkers and  dens of extremists, Gaddafi  took  few precautionary measures to  inhibit the  recurrent  invasions of  America .    Suddenly, Gaddafi  declared his plan to ban American dollars.    He announced that    Libya, one of the largest oil exporters in Africa, will not sell oil in dollar.  Instead, his government would use gold dinars as the country had huge stocks of gold. Around 150 tons gold bars were left in debris.  Libya must recycle gold bars to manufacture new dinars.    Western countries must pay Libyan oil producers in existing gold dinars. It is a new policy to endanger the  economy of America. In the world, there will be severe currency depreciation.  Value of dollars in global market must go down.  This “regime change” policy was a threat to America and Gaddafi must not be forgiven by the west.  Gaddafi’s trickery was taken by Pentagon as a challenge to throw him in dust.

ISIS Terrorists Building up Hideouts in Libya – America Warned Libya 

ISIS militants   founded their hideouts in Libya.   Their clandestineactivities are   destructive.  These ISISterrorists   operate certainparts of the country   without fear.   Other militia groups like Libya   Dawn and Al Qaeda showcase their chivalry in Derna, Benghazi, and Tripoli.   ISIS militants are being trained to attack innocent people.   America threatened that   ISIS terrorists should not be given   shelters by   Libya.  The local administration   is weak and people don’t sleep peacefully. 

US Air Strikes in Libya Following Bombing in Berlin Discotheque

US air strikes  

Gaddafi wasslowly isolated. The external force was putting pressure  to displace    Gaddafi from the central power.    In 1986, Operation El Dorado Canyon was started by America just after bombingin adiscotheque on 15th April.  Another barbaric incident decelarted thefame of this  great Colonelof Libya.  In 1980,  Gaddafi was accussed of gunning down a Pan American air bus in Lckerbie which is based in  Scotland.  Slowly, he wasseen preferringdistance frommedia reporters and photographers because of his inabilityto troubleshoot problems.  America blamedhim because he  is the source of insurgency and global terrorism.  Gaddafi didn’t have cool mind  as he was reckless to treat different tribal communities.  He  indulged  gun running and surreptitious plotting to  invade other nations.  He trained terrorists to control his own dissidents in Lybia. This corrupteddemon hadno limitsto kill people brutally.  Therefore,  internal fighting and  disturbed foreign relation with America  made him an isolated entity without value to NATO allied force.  Gaddafi must not remain powerful.  US force was instructed to terminate this tyrant by hook or by crook.  NATO and Americantroops never  spared this political leader in Libya.    His bullet proof solid  vehicle was demolishedwith missiles and gun powder.    The last snapshot is not glossy but stained in blood.    Gaddafi was arrested and killed by American force near Sirte. His convoy was smashed with a powerful  missile used to finish  this dictator withoutallowing him to apologize.   

Future of Libya – Post Gaddafi Era Is Not Stable

Political situation in Libya is uncertain after the demise of Gaddafi.  However, people don’t want such a criminal to have unlimited miseries and despair.  UNO    has intervened to help    people in Libya to form a reliable government.    Way backto 2011, Gaddafi waskilled and GNC orGeneral National Congress party  was chosen by people.    GNC was sick with weak military force.  Libya needs goodeconomic boosters and aids from powerful nations.    The  election  was  held  in  2012 and  newly elected  leader named Jibril  expressed his views  clearly about the  future of  Libya.    People must be united and strong to fight with corruption.    The country must be self reliant with sound GDP growth rates.  Oil industry in Libya must be aided  so that  there will be new scope to earnmore foreign currencies  to rebuild the financial structure of the nation.  Demolition of Gaddafi seems to weaken administration but citizens of the country have lost confidence as well as trust on their former leader.  In this connection, several militia groups run regionaladministrations in different areas.      These extremists are invited to join military  forgetting their differences. 

 Conclusion  

Finally, the conflict  between GNC and UN backed organization must be a hindrance in settling issues in Libya.  Till now, people grope for permanent solution removing differences between GNC and UN backed political party.  The accord must be signed unanimously for settlement.  Few members of GNC support deals of UN but otherswithin the party are not found enthusiastic to emulate theories  of UN to operate the internal administration of Libya.  Right now, think tanks and civilians of Libya must decide whom to select for operatingthe state boldly. When  will they be independent to select candidates without depending on UN?    The dualism in administrationin Libya must be aproblem and there is no overnight solution for innocent people to end up the hostility.